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Glossary Of Technical References

 



9U: Eurocard - A grouping of printed circuit boards using a 96-pin plug instead of edge connectors.

Active Hub: The central connecting device in a network that serves to regenerates signals.

Anonymous FTP: An anonymous FTP site allows Internet users to log in and download files from the computer without having a private user id and password. logging in you typically enter anonymous as the user id and your email address as the password.

Archie: A system to automatically gather, index and serve information on the Internet. Initially it was used to index the directory of filenames from all anonymous FTP archives on the Internet.

Audio Streaming: The method of delivering audio files from a server to a web browser in a continuous stream of small packets rather than one large file.

Authentication: When one computer wants to access another computer or network, an authentication process takes place. The process verifies that the computer making the request has been authorized to use the facility.

Authoritative Root-Server Syst: The constellation of DNS root-nameservers specified, from time to time, in the file , according to ICAAN.

Baud: The number of signals (transitions) sent per second, usually by a modem although any type of signaling device can be used. Each transition is a change of state, so by defining different states and transitions between them higher data rates become possible. Baud rates should not be confused with bits per second, which is an absolute measure.

Bit: A single information unit which can have just two states, on/off, zero or one, and forming the basic building blocks of the binary numbering system used in computers. Eight bits are called a byte.

Bluebird: IBM's port of Warp to Java for use on network computers.

BPS: Bits Per Second - The number of bits of data sent per second over a transport medium.

Browser: A program run on a client computer for viewing World Wide Web pages. The most popular browsers used are Microsoft Internet Explorer & Netscape Navigator.

Button: An icon or object that caused change when clicked.

Byte: Each byte consists of 8 bits and could be shown in binary bits as (for example) 10001000. In numerical terms a byte contains a decimal number in the range 0 to 255.

Case sensitive: If text is required to be in lower case or upper case it is called case sensitive. If it does not matter if which case any of the letters are in it is said that it is not case sensitive.

Circuit board: A thin plate with chips, devices, and other electronic components installed on the plate.

Cloaking: A technique that users software to hide code from a user, and deliver a different custom content to a search engine spider.

Concurrent Versions System: CVS - A version control system for UNIX that maintains the changes between one source code version and another, then stores the changes in one file.

CVS: Concurrent Versions System - A version control system for UNIX that maintains the changes between one source code version and another, then stores the changes in one file.

Daemon: A program that runs constantly for the purpose of handling periodic service requests that a computer system expects to receive. The daemon program forwards the requests to other programs (or processes) as appropriate. Servers have a daemon that continually waits for requests to come in from Web clients and their users. Your email program might check for new mail every 10 minutes; it has a daemon that does this.

Directory Site: A directory is a web site that focuses on listing web sites by individual topics. A search engine lists web pages, where a Directory such as Looksmart or Dmoz, lists web sites.

Download: Transferring a copy of a file from a website or other server onto your local computer.

ECL: Emitter-Coupled Logic - A type of bipolar transistor with extremely fast switching speeds.

ECM: Error Correcting Mode - A fax capability able to test for errors within a row of pixels, then it can request that transmission be redone.

Emitter-Coupled Logic: ECL - A type of bipolar transistor with extremely fast switching speeds.

Enhanced Small Device Interfac: ESDI - An early 1980's interface standard developed by a group of computer manufacturers for connecting disk drives to personal computers, no longer in use.

Error Correcting Mode: ECM - A fax capability able to test for errors within a row of pixels, then it can request that transmission be redone.

ESDI: An early 1980's interface standard developed by a group of computer manufacturers for connecting disk drives to personal computers, no longer in use.

Eurocard: 9U - A grouping of printed circuit boards using a 96-pin plug instead of edge connectors.

Expansion board: Expansion card - A printed circuit board that can be inserted into a computer add capabilities.

File extension: The letters grouped after the period or dot in a filename. Ie. .txt in a the common file readme.txt or .gif in image.gif

File Transfer: The copying of a file from one computer to another over a computer network.

File Transfer Protocol: FTP - A set of rules for exchanging files between computers via the Internet.

Frames: A way of dividing up a web page into independent areas. Useful to allow certain elements of the page to remain visible at all times, such as a navigation menu.

FTP: A set of rules for exchanging files between computers via the Internet.

FTP Site: A site that allows files to be transferred using the File Transfer Protocol.

Giga: prefix for a billion

Gigabyte: Gb - One thousand megabytes. 1000 x 1Mb

Hub: A central connecting device used in networks to join communication lines to form a star configuration.

Image Map: A way of using an image, complete or partial, on a web site as hypertext links.

Intelligent hub: A multi-functional central connecting device used in networks for the purpose of network management, routing, switching, etc.

Login: a username and password security to sign into your account online.

logout/logoff: To un-access a computer

Meta Search: A process of searching several databases simultaneously and combining the results.

Meta-refresh: A tag that is used to automatically reload or load a new page.

MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface - A high quality audio file format.

Modem: Modulator/demodulator which converts digital data into a narrow range of analogue signals capable of being carried by a telephone connection.

MP3: (MPEG Audio Layer 3) A file form to enable music files to be played at almost the same sounds quality as a CD. The files require software on the computer to play them or a physical player with cable to transmit the file from the computer to the player. The technology has enabled musicians to distribute their music rapidly as well as underground distribution of music since the files are downloadable rapidly from the Internet. www.mp3.com

MPEG Audio Layer 3: (MP3) A file form to enable music files to be played at almost the same sounds quality as a CD. The files require software on the computer to play them or a physical player with cable to transmit the file from the computer to the player. The technology has enabled musicians to distribute their music rapidly as well as underground distribution of music since the files are downloadable rapidly from the Internet. www.mp3.com

Municipal Area Network: A network (generally high-speed) that links buildings and facilities within a municipality (town, city, hamlet, etc.). The network can link levels of government and sometimes can include public access to the network.

Network Interface Card: NIC - An expansion card for inserting into a computer to enable network connection.

NIC: Network Interface Card - An expansion card for inserting into a computer to enable network connection.

Node: The processing location within a network. The processing location, node, can be a computer, printer, scanner, or other type of device within a network.

Operating System: Computer software which controls the basic hardware and provides operating ability to other programs. Examples are MacOS, UNIX, Linux & Windows. UNIX and Linux, are the most common operating systems for servers on the Internet.

OS: Operating System - Computer software which controls the basic hardware and provides operating ability to other programs. Examples are MacOS, UNIX, Linux & Windows. UNIX and Linux, are the most common operating systems for servers on the Internet.

Packet: The basic unit by that moves data/information from computer to computer when using the Internet.

Packet switching: The process of breaking information into small, discreet segments (packets) which are sent individually via the internet to a particular destination to combine again once reaching that location.

Passive hub: A central connecting device used in networks to join wires from several stations in a star configuration.

Protocol: An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices. These guidelines determine the method of data compression, type of error monitoring, how the transmitting device indicates that the data sent has completed it's transmission, and how the device receiving the transmission will indicate a message receipt.

Publisher: The creator or owner of a site. The publisher of this site is Internet Terms Dictionary/ITD.

PXE: Pre-Boot Execution Environment

Query: To search or ask, in particular to request information in a search engine, index directory, or database.

Robot: A program that automatically does 'some action' without user intervention. In the context of search engines, it usually refers to a program that mimics a browser to download web pages automatically.

SCSI: Small Computer System Interface - A parallel interface standard used by Apple Macintosh computers, PCs, and many UNIX systems for attaching peripheral devices to computers.

SERP: Search Engine Results Page - The page that is generated in response to a search query when using a search engine.

Shell account: An account that allows access to a UNIX based host server.

Small Computer System Interfac: A parallel interface standard used by Apple Macintosh computers, PCs, and many UNIX systems for attaching peripheral devices to computers.

Smart hub: inteligent hub - A multi-functional central connecting device used in networks for the purpose of network management, routing, switching, etc.

SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol

Spider: A spider is a type of robot. See Robot.

Spidering: While a spider is downloading pages, it is called Spidering. Most modern spiders used by search engines are only responsible for downloading the pages and storing them raw in a temporary database.

Streaming: The method of delivering audio files from a server to a web browser in a continuous stream of small packets rather than one large file.

UNIX: A powerful operating system used on the backbone machines of the Internet. Servers frequently run on UNIX.

Upload: Copying or sending files or data from one computer to another. A Web developer, for example, could upload a document to a Web server. Referred to as 'publishing' when uploading a website to the server.

Uuencoding - Unix to Unix Enco: The method for converting binary files to ASCII files to enable users to have the ability to send graphic images by e-mail.

VPN: Virtual Private Network - A network to connect nodes using public wiring.

WAN: Wide Area Network - A network, usually constructed with serial lines, which covers a large geographic area.

wav: audio file.

WfM: Wired for Management - A specification that allows the automation of client to PC management via a network. Developed by Intel, WfM technology is now utilized in hardware and software applications.

Zip File: A file extension used to save PC files stored in a compressed format which can be expanded from their compressed state using applications like PKZIP and WINZIP.

Zone file: The group of files residing on the domain host or name server. The zone file indicates the domain, its sub domains and the mail server.
 

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