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Glossary Of Technical References
9U: Eurocard - A grouping of printed circuit
boards using a 96-pin plug instead of edge connectors.
Active Hub: The central connecting device in a
network that serves to regenerates signals.
Anonymous FTP: An anonymous FTP site allows
Internet users to log in and download files from the computer without having a
private user id and password. logging in you typically enter anonymous as the
user id and your email address as the password.
Archie: A system to automatically gather, index
and serve information on the Internet. Initially it was used to index the
directory of filenames from all anonymous FTP archives on the Internet.
Audio Streaming: The method of delivering audio
files from a server to a web browser in a continuous stream of small packets
rather than one large file.
Authentication: When one computer wants to
access another computer or network, an authentication process takes place. The
process verifies that the computer making the request has been authorized to use
the facility.
Authoritative Root-Server Syst: The
constellation of DNS root-nameservers specified, from time to time, in the file
, according to ICAAN.
Baud: The number of signals (transitions) sent
per second, usually by a modem although any type of signaling device can be
used. Each transition is a change of state, so by defining different states and
transitions between them higher data rates become possible. Baud rates should
not be confused with bits per second, which is an absolute measure.
Bit: A single information unit which can have
just two states, on/off, zero or one, and forming the basic building blocks of
the binary numbering system used in computers. Eight bits are called a byte.
Bluebird: IBM's port of Warp to Java for use on
network computers.
BPS: Bits Per Second - The number of bits of
data sent per second over a transport medium.
Browser: A program run on a client computer for
viewing World Wide Web pages. The most popular browsers used are Microsoft
Internet Explorer & Netscape Navigator.
Button: An icon or object that caused change
when clicked.
Byte: Each byte consists of 8 bits and could be
shown in binary bits as (for example) 10001000. In numerical terms a byte
contains a decimal number in the range 0 to 255.
Case sensitive: If text is required to be in
lower case or upper case it is called case sensitive. If it does not matter if
which case any of the letters are in it is said that it is not case sensitive.
Circuit board: A thin plate with chips, devices,
and other electronic components installed on the plate.
Cloaking: A technique that users software to
hide code from a user, and deliver a different custom content to a search engine
spider.
Concurrent Versions System: CVS - A version
control system for UNIX that maintains the changes between one source code
version and another, then stores the changes in one file.
CVS: Concurrent Versions System - A version
control system for UNIX that maintains the changes between one source code
version and another, then stores the changes in one file.
Daemon: A program that runs constantly for the
purpose of handling periodic service requests that a computer system expects to
receive. The daemon program forwards the requests to other programs (or
processes) as appropriate. Servers have a daemon that continually waits for
requests to come in from Web clients and their users. Your email program might
check for new mail every 10 minutes; it has a daemon that does this.
Directory Site: A directory is a web site that
focuses on listing web sites by individual topics. A search engine lists web
pages, where a Directory such as Looksmart or Dmoz, lists web sites.
Download: Transferring a copy of a file from a
website or other server onto your local computer.
ECL: Emitter-Coupled Logic - A type of bipolar
transistor with extremely fast switching speeds.
ECM: Error Correcting Mode - A fax capability
able to test for errors within a row of pixels, then it can request that
transmission be redone.
Emitter-Coupled Logic: ECL - A type of bipolar
transistor with extremely fast switching speeds.
Enhanced Small Device Interfac: ESDI - An early
1980's interface standard developed by a group of computer manufacturers for
connecting disk drives to personal computers, no longer in use.
Error Correcting Mode: ECM - A fax capability
able to test for errors within a row of pixels, then it can request that
transmission be redone.
ESDI: An early 1980's interface standard
developed by a group of computer manufacturers for connecting disk drives to
personal computers, no longer in use.
Eurocard: 9U - A grouping of printed circuit
boards using a 96-pin plug instead of edge connectors.
Expansion board: Expansion card - A printed
circuit board that can be inserted into a computer add capabilities.
File extension: The letters grouped after the
period or dot in a filename. Ie. .txt in a the common file readme.txt or .gif in
image.gif
File Transfer: The copying of a file from one
computer to another over a computer network.
File Transfer Protocol: FTP - A set of rules for
exchanging files between computers via the Internet.
Frames: A way of dividing up a web page into
independent areas. Useful to allow certain elements of the page to remain
visible at all times, such as a navigation menu.
FTP: A set of rules for exchanging files between
computers via the Internet.
FTP Site: A site that allows files to be
transferred using the File Transfer Protocol.
Giga: prefix for a billion
Gigabyte: Gb - One thousand megabytes. 1000 x
1Mb
Hub: A central connecting device used in
networks to join communication lines to form a star configuration.
Image Map: A way of using an image, complete or
partial, on a web site as hypertext links.
Intelligent hub: A multi-functional central
connecting device used in networks for the purpose of network management,
routing, switching, etc.
Login: a username and password security to sign
into your account online.
logout/logoff: To un-access a computer
Meta Search: A process of searching several
databases simultaneously and combining the results.
Meta-refresh: A tag that is used to
automatically reload or load a new page.
MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface - A
high quality audio file format.
Modem: Modulator/demodulator which converts
digital data into a narrow range of analogue signals capable of being carried by
a telephone connection.
MP3: (MPEG Audio Layer 3) A file form to enable
music files to be played at almost the same sounds quality as a CD. The files
require software on the computer to play them or a physical player with cable to
transmit the file from the computer to the player. The technology has enabled
musicians to distribute their music rapidly as well as underground distribution
of music since the files are downloadable rapidly from the Internet.
www.mp3.com
MPEG Audio Layer 3: (MP3) A file form to enable
music files to be played at almost the same sounds quality as a CD. The files
require software on the computer to play them or a physical player with cable to
transmit the file from the computer to the player. The technology has enabled
musicians to distribute their music rapidly as well as underground distribution
of music since the files are downloadable rapidly from the Internet.
www.mp3.com
Municipal Area Network: A network (generally
high-speed) that links buildings and facilities within a municipality (town,
city, hamlet, etc.). The network can link levels of government and sometimes can
include public access to the network.
Network Interface Card: NIC - An expansion card
for inserting into a computer to enable network connection.
NIC: Network Interface Card - An expansion card
for inserting into a computer to enable network connection.
Node: The processing location within a network.
The processing location, node, can be a computer, printer, scanner, or other
type of device within a network.
Operating System: Computer software which
controls the basic hardware and provides operating ability to other programs.
Examples are MacOS, UNIX, Linux & Windows. UNIX and Linux, are the most common
operating systems for servers on the Internet.
OS: Operating System - Computer software which
controls the basic hardware and provides operating ability to other programs.
Examples are MacOS, UNIX, Linux & Windows. UNIX and Linux, are the most common
operating systems for servers on the Internet.
Packet: The basic unit by that moves
data/information from computer to computer when using the Internet.
Packet switching: The process of breaking
information into small, discreet segments (packets) which are sent individually
via the internet to a particular destination to combine again once reaching that
location.
Passive hub: A central connecting device used in
networks to join wires from several stations in a star configuration.
Protocol: An agreed-upon format for transmitting
data between two devices. These guidelines determine the method of data
compression, type of error monitoring, how the transmitting device indicates
that the data sent has completed it's transmission, and how the device receiving
the transmission will indicate a message receipt.
Publisher: The creator or owner of a site. The
publisher of this site is Internet Terms Dictionary/ITD.
PXE: Pre-Boot Execution Environment
Query: To search or ask, in particular to
request information in a search engine, index directory, or database.
Robot: A program that automatically does 'some
action' without user intervention. In the context of search engines, it usually
refers to a program that mimics a browser to download web pages automatically.
SCSI: Small Computer System Interface - A
parallel interface standard used by Apple Macintosh computers, PCs, and many
UNIX systems for attaching peripheral devices to computers.
SERP: Search Engine Results Page - The page that
is generated in response to a search query when using a search engine.
Shell account: An account that allows access to
a UNIX based host server.
Small Computer System Interfac: A parallel
interface standard used by Apple Macintosh computers, PCs, and many UNIX systems
for attaching peripheral devices to computers.
Smart hub: inteligent hub - A multi-functional
central connecting device used in networks for the purpose of network
management, routing, switching, etc.
SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol
Spider: A spider is a type of robot. See Robot.
Spidering: While a spider is downloading pages,
it is called Spidering. Most modern spiders used by search engines are only
responsible for downloading the pages and storing them raw in a temporary
database.
Streaming: The method of delivering audio files
from a server to a web browser in a continuous stream of small packets rather
than one large file.
UNIX: A powerful operating system used on the
backbone machines of the Internet. Servers frequently run on UNIX.
Upload: Copying or sending files or data from
one computer to another. A Web developer, for example, could upload a document
to a Web server. Referred to as 'publishing' when uploading a website to the
server.
Uuencoding - Unix to Unix Enco: The method for
converting binary files to ASCII files to enable users to have the ability to
send graphic images by e-mail.
VPN: Virtual Private Network - A network to
connect nodes using public wiring.
WAN: Wide Area Network - A network, usually
constructed with serial lines, which covers a large geographic area.
wav: audio file.
WfM: Wired for Management - A specification that
allows the automation of client to PC management via a network. Developed by
Intel, WfM technology is now utilized in hardware and software applications.
Zip File: A file extension used to save PC files
stored in a compressed format which can be expanded from their compressed state
using applications like PKZIP and WINZIP.
Zone file: The group of files residing on the
domain host or name server. The zone file indicates the domain, its sub domains
and the mail server.
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