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Programming Dictionary
Active Server Pages: A server based scripting
language that is used to provide dynamic content and build database driven web
sites where the browser may have no scripting at all.
ant: An open source Java-based Make tool.
API: A set of routines, protocols, and tools for
building software applications.
Application Program Interface: API - A set of
routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications.
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information
Interchange - A set of 128 alphanumeric and special control characters. ASCII
files are also known as plain text files.
ASP: Active Server Pages - A server based
scripting language that is used to provide dynamic content and build database
driven web sites where the browser may have no scripting at all.
Binary: A numbering system consisting of zeros
and ones. A simple count from zero to decimal 10, in binary would be 0, 1, 10,
11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010.
Boolean: A branch of mathematics dealing with
items which can only have two states - like on/off, yes/no. Most programming
languages have Boolean variables which can represent these states and allow them
to be manipulated with operators such as AND, OR, NOT. It can also be used to
describe database searches which incorporate the idea of one condition AND
another being met.
Boolean operator: On of the conjunctions used in
a Boolean search; AND, OR, NOT). See Boolean.
CAD: Computer Aided Design- a computer drafting
program.
CGI: Common Gateway Interface - CGI refers to
programs that are used to produce on the fly content for browser delivery.
Common CGI programming languages include Perl, C, and PHP.
CGI-BIN: One of the most common names for a
directory on a web server that contains CGI files. These directories are often
under heavier access controls than standard directories.
Clipboard: A temporary data holding area for
storing info that is copied or moved from one application to another using the
copy and paste and cut and paste menu options.
Cold Fusion: - A scripting language used on web
pages to interface with Microsoft Access, dBASE, FoxPro, and Paradox databases.
Cookie: The name for files stored on your hard
drive by your Web browser that hold information about your browsing habits, like
what sites you have visited, which newsgroups you have read, etc. Many view
'cookies' as an invasion of privacy. These can be disabled within your browser
internet options.
cXML: A set of XML tags defining the
characteristics of an online sales transaction.
Dynamic Content: A page that is generated just
as the user views it. The content delivered to the user is often updated on the
spot out of a database or based upon the users browser. It used to be easy to
spot one of these pages, but with most systems now allowing dynamic content from
any page at any time, you just never know.
Dynamic Web Pages: Web pages which use the
techniques and technologies of Dynamic Content. These pages are generated as
required and so can contain variable information which if different depending on
the user's input (i.e. database searches, member information).
Embedded SQL: Pass-through SQL - SQL statements
that are written into high-level programming languages (ie. C or Pascal).
Extreme Programming: Software development
following specific structures designed to simplify and speed the process of
developing new software. Developed by Kent Beck, it utilizes 12 principles to
ensure functionality.
Freeware: A program or software that the author
makes available free to the public.
FrontPage: Microsoft FrontPage - A popular web
site creation tool.
Gopher: A menu-based system for retrieving files
from a server.
Handheld PDA: Personal Digital Assistant - A
small computer, often Internet accessible, used to organize personal information
and communicate. Data is entered using a keypad and/or a pen-like instrument,
this information may be transferred to a desktop computer via cable or modem.
HDML: Handheld device markup language.
Header: The portion of a packet, preceding the
actual data, containing source and destination addresses, and error checking and
other fields. A header is also the part of an electronic mail message that
precedes the body of a message and contains, among other things, the message
originator, date and time.
HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language - A collection
of tags typically used in the development of Web pages.
JavaScript: A language embedded within HTML that
is executed after a page of HTML is transferred to a users browser.
JDK: Java Development Kit - A software tool
package to write, test, and debug Java applications and Java server applets (JSP)
created by Sun Microsystems.
MCF: Meta Content Format - A way to represent
the content of a web site, in a much more sophisticated manner than can be done
using the existing, commonly-used meta tags. For example, those using a MCF-enabled
browser can view a 3D 'fly-through' map of a site, assuming the proper coding is
in place. MCF has provisions that are supposed to make it easier for search
engines to index web sites. For example, it could provide a site summary on a
single page. The summary could provide URLs and descriptions of every page
within a web site, saving the search engines from having to crawl and store all
the pages from the site for searching purposes.
Meta Tags: Author generated HTML commands that
are placed in the head section of an HTML document. Current popular meta tags
that can affect search engine rankings are Meta Keywords, and Meta Description.
Microsoft FrontPage: A popular web site creation
tool.
Passthrough SQL: Embedded SQL - SQL statements
that are written into high-level programming languages (ie. C or Pascal).
PDA: Personal Digital Assistant - A small
computer, often Internet accessible, used to organize personal information and
communicate. Data is entered using a keypad and/or a pen-like instrument, this
information may be transferred to a desktop computer via cable or modem.
Personal Digital Assistant: PDA - A small
computer, often Internet accessible, used to organize personal information and
communicate. Data is entered using a keypad and/or a pen-like instrument, this
information may be transferred to a desktop computer via cable or modem.
Plug-ins: Software which adds functionality to
an existing piece of software.
Program: A program or application runs on a
computer. Programs perform tasks such as site creation, word processing,
accounting, spreadsheets, database work, etc.
QuickTime: A sound and video compression and
playback application used on the Internet.
Real time: Immediate. Operating systems require
that information be displayed as soon as information is entered, this is real
time delivery. The actual time that it takes for an image to be displayed, in
animated graphics is referred to as real time if it is the same amount of time
it would take to transpire in real life.
Server Side Includes: Commands that can be
included in web pages that are processed by the web server when a user requests
a file. Often used to insert common content into several different web pages, or
to include the results of a CGI program on a web page.
Shareware: Software with limited functionality
which is provided by the author so that it can be used for a limited time in
hopes you will buy it. In some cases, unlimited free use.
Shockwave: A plug-in for animations and sounds
to be played online in a compressed format so that they can be played back, even
during receipt. Developed by Macromedia.
SQL: Structured Query Language - A specialized
programming language used in database development. Most industrial-strength and
many smaller database applications can be developed using SQL.
SSI: Commands that can be included in web pages
that are processed by the web server when a user requests a file. Often used to
insert common content into several different web pages, or to include the
results of a CGI program on a web page.
Structured Query Language: SQL - A specialized
programming language used in database development. Most database applications
(large or small) can be developed using SQL.
Telnet: A protocol for logging onto remote
computers from anywhere on the Internet.
Windows Socket: Winsock - An API, Application
Programming Interface, for developing Windows programs that can communicate with
other computers through TCP/IP protocol.
Windows XP: An operating system (OS) by
Microsoft introduced in 2001. It is said to be the most important release of
Microsoft since Windows 95. It is build on the Windows 2000 kernel. The prior
version is known as Windows ME (Millennium).
Winsock: Windows Socket - An API, Application
Programming Interface, for developing Windows programs that can communicate with
other computers through TCP/IP protocol.
WML: Wireless markup language.
XML: Extensible markup language.
XP: Extreme Programming - Software development
following specific structures designed to simplify and speed the process of
developing new software. Developed by Kent Beck, it utilizes 12 principles to
ensure functionality.
XP also applies to:
Windows XP: An operating system
(OS) by Microsoft introduced in 2001. It is said to be the most important
release of Microsoft since Windows 95. It is build on the Windows 2000 kernel.
The prior version is known as Windows ME (Millennium).
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